<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<mySub><item>
<tcIn>00:00:00</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:03</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Orange-innovation.tv - in partnership with Cité des Télécoms, presents<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:03</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:07</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[got it!<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:07</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:11</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[a programme presented by Eric Hamonou<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:11</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:15</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[programme 09 thought communication with computers: becoming real telepaths<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:15</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:17</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Hello everyone, and thanks for joining us<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:17</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:19</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[for this new edition of 'got it !' -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:19</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:21</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[an Orange-innovations.tv programme<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:21</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:24</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[in partnership with Cité des Télécoms at Pleumeur-Bodou, in the Côtes d'Armor.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:24</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:27</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[On the agenda today, a technology which allows no more and no less<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:27</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:30</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[than communication with computers by thought alone.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:30</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:33</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Just what we need to make real telepathists of ourselves.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:35</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:38</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[communication with computers by thought:<br>becoming real telepathists<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:38</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:40</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[It has to be said, some of us<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:40</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:42</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[really do have a sixth sense<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:42</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:44</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[- a telepathic sense.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:44</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:47</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[No - don't worry, we haven't taken up occult sciences.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:47</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:50</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[It really is the most orthodox science<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:50</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:52</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[which leads us to this conclusion.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:52</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:54</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[But please note, this isn't about the gift of telepathy<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:54</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:56</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[which some lucky people are said to have<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:56</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:00:58</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[quite naturally.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:00:58</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:00</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[No, what we are talking about here<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:00</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:02</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[is a sort of device developed and manufactured<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:02</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:04</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[at the very heart of the most prestigious research institutes,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:04</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:06</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and which allows any human being<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:06</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:08</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[no more and no less than the possibility<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:08</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:10</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[of transmitting their thoughts remotely.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:10</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:13</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Not to other humans, as is the case with real telepathy,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:13</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:15</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[- or not for the moment at any rate -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:15</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:17</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[but to a computer that is capable of interpreting their thoughts<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:17</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:19</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[in order to carry out a very precise task.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:19</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:21</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Just a few weeks ago,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:21</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:23</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[several American universities<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:23</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:25</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[demonstrated, for example, that with such devices<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:25</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:28</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[we are no longer obliged to speak in order to be heard.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:28</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:30</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Now all we need do is think of the sound<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:30</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:32</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[we want to make, for a computer<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:32</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:34</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[located on the other side of the room,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:34</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:36</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and equipped for the purpose with a vocal synthesizer<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:36</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:38</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[to be able to speak for us -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:38</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:41</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[or to be accurate, to be able to spell for us.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:41</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:43</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[As things stand, this system only works<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:43</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:46</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[if we think of fairly simple sounds,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:46</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:48</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[such as those we associate with letters.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:48</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:50</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[For the moment, three vowels can be<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:50</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:52</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[transmitted in this way by thought,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:52</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:54</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[which does limit conversation somewhat.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:54</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:56</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[But development is continuing<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:56</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:01:58</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and it is possible that the entire alphabet could soon follow.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:01:58</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:00</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[In France, the INRIA<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:00</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:02</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[(National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control), together with INSERM,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:02</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:05</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the National Institute for Health and Medical Research,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:05</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:08</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[as well as with Orange Labs and France Télécom R & D,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:08</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:10</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[have perfected the 'open vibe' system -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:10</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:13</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[a device plus a programme for the transformation of information,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:13</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:15</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[which enables all sorts of applications.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:15</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:17</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Open Vibe is used in particular<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:17</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:19</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[for the transmission and interpretation - not of sounds<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:19</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:21</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[but of the letters themselves<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:21</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:24</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[which allows the drudgery of writing to be delegated to a computer.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:24</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:26</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[The system is also used<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:26</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:28</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[in several experimental video games<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:28</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:30</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[where the player has to move objects<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:30</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:32</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[or characters, by thought alone.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:32</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:34</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[And along the same lines, in Japan,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:34</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:36</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[researchers at the university of Keio<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:36</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:38</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[have developed a system allowing<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:38</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:40</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the movement of your avatar, your character,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:40</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:42</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[in Second Life - the famous virtual 3D universe<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:42</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:44</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[which is accessible online.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:44</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:46</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Yet these are just<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:46</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:48</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[a few examples from among a great many.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:48</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:50</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Research in this domain is abundant.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:50</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:53</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[So - enough of the mystery, let's go and take a closer look at what it's all about.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:53</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:57</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[communication with computers by thought:<br>becoming real telepathists<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:57</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:02:59</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[When you think about it, the fact that it is now possible<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:02:59</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:01</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[to transmit our thoughts remotely<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:01</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:04</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[is not as incredible as it might at first seem.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:04</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:06</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Because if our thoughts are, in the end<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:06</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:08</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[no more than little electrical currents travelling via neurones<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:08</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:10</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[through this or that region of our brains.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:10</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:12</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[And it's true that we know a lot about how to<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:12</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:14</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[remotely transmit electrical currents.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:14</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:16</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[In order to do this, all you need is a wire or an aerial.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:16</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:19</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[So the problem isn't so much about transmitting thoughts remotely<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:19</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:22</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[as it is about identifying and recording the right electrical signal,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:22</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:25</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the one corresponding to the thought we really want to transmit.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:25</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:27</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Because in the brain, an electrical circuit<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:27</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:29</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[comprising 100 billion neurones,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:29</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:31</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[electrical signals - this is not what is lacking.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:31</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:33</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[And if we're not careful, there's every chance<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:33</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:35</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[of broadcasting a thought<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:35</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:37</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[you might have wanted to keep secret.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:37</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:39</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Luckily, the brain is well-organised:<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:39</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:41</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[each precise task corresponds to a particular region,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:41</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:44</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and these regions have already been mapped by the neurosciences.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:44</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:47</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[There is a visual area, an auditory area, an olfactive area,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:47</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:49</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the language centre, the writing centre,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:49</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:51</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the motor functions area... And so on.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:51</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:53</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Thanks to these maps, we know in theory<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:53</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:55</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[where to go looking for the thought which corresponds<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:55</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:57</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[to this or that action.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:57</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:03:59</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[The American scientists who were seeking to transmit<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:03:59</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:01</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the thought of the spoken word obviously, then<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:01</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:03</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[went looking for these thoughts where they are created -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:03</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:05</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[that is, in the language area.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:05</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:07</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[The problem is that this region<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:07</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:09</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[is deeply buried at the heart of the cerebral cortex,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:09</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:11</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[at the very centre of our grey matter.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:11</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:13</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Which means that, in order to record the electrical signals<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:13</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:16</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[produced there - which are the materialisation of our thoughts -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:16</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:19</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[they had to insert a probe, an electrode,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:19</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:21</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and so they had to resort to neurosurgery.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:21</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:23</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[This is a heavy method<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:23</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:25</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[which can only, then, apply to patients<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:25</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:27</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[suffering from particularly serious pathologies<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:27</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:29</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[- as is the case with the patient they've used as a guinea-pig<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:29</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:32</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and who, being completely paralysed, is unable to articulate even a single word.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:32</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:34</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[There is obviously no question of<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:34</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:37</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[planting electrodes in the brains of people who are perfectly healthy.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:37</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:39</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[So the researchers have also developed systems<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:39</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:41</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[which function with electrodes<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:41</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:44</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[placed on the surface of the cranium, rather than inside.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:44</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:46</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[You put on a sort of cap, to which<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:46</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:48</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[between 30 and 60 electrodes are attached,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:48</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:51</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and these will measure the electrical signals generated in the brain<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:51</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:53</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and which spread to the surface of the skull.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:53</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:56</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[This is neither more nor less than an electroencephalogram.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:56</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:04:58</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[The disadvantage of this method<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:04:58</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:00</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[is that what the electrodes measure<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:00</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:02</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[is all of the brain's activity, and not just the activity<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:02</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:04</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[of a very precise region we know to correspond<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:04</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:06</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[to a function such as speech or gesture.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:06</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:09</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[So, it is all of our conscious and unconscious thoughts<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:09</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:11</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[that we are measuring - which is not very precise.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:11</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:13</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[An alternative that is a little more precise<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:13</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:16</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[consists of measuring the magnetic fields generated by<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:16</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:18</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the electrical currents, rather than the electrical currents themselves.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:18</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:20</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[The disadvantage here is that the measurement device<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:20</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:23</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[is both much bigger and much more expensive.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:23</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:25</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Which means that, in spite of its relative imprecision,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:25</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:28</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[it is the electroencephalogram which has the wind in its sails at the moment.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:28</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:30</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[It's up to the computers to do the sorting<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:30</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:33</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[among all of our thoughts before it executes our orders.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:33</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:35</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Luckily for them, not all of our thoughts<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:35</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:38</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[materialise in the form of identical electrical signals.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:38</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:41</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Each type of thought generates currents that are very specific<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:41</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:43</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[in terms of amplitude, form or frequency.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:43</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:45</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[It is therefore theoretically possible<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:45</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:48</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[to differentiate between them using ad hoc programmes<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:48</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:50</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[combined with a priori knowledge of the form of the signals<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:50</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:52</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[that are associated with them.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:52</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:54</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[And once the identification is made<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:54</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:56</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the computer has only to carry out the action<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:56</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:58</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[you ordered it to do by thought alone<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:58</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:01</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[- which makes a real telepathist of you.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:01</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:04</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Let's sum up !<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:04</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:06</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[What is a brain - computer interface ?<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:06</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:08</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[It's a system which allows<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:08</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:10</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[certain computer functions to be controlled<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:10</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:12</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[through a simple thought.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:12</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:14</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[This system consists of a device<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:14</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:16</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[capable of capturing your thoughts<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:16</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:18</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[by measurement of your cerebral activity<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:18</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:20</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and use of a programme which allows the computer<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:20</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:22</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[to locate the thought in question<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:22</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:24</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and to carry out the action you have ordered it to execute.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:24</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:26</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[How are our thoughts captured ?<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:26</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:28</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[At one moment or another, our thoughts<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:28</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:31</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[materialise in the form of small electrical currents.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:31</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:33</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[To capture them, all that is required is measurement of these currents<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:33</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:35</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[using electrodes, which are placed<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:35</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:37</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[in the brain or on the surface of the skull.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:37</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:39</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Another method entails measurement<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:39</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:41</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[of the magnetic fields which generate the electrical currents,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:41</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:44</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[using sensors which are, once again, placed on the surface of the skull.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:44</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:47</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Which actions can be ordered by thought alone ?<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:47</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:50</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Several applications of this system currently exist,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:50</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:53</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[most of which are still in the development stage.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:53</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:55</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Some concern helping people who are paralysed<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:55</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:57</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[- such as vocal synthesis, writing<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:57</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:59</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[or the movement of a cursor on a screen.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:59</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:01</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Others are aimed at video games enthusiasts<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:01</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:04</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[who can move their characters by thought alone.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:04</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:06</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Or, again, users of texts<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:06</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:09</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[who could write their messages without having to use the keypad.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:09</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:11</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[But the applications are legion !<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:11</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:14</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[got it!<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:14</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:16</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Well, that's all for today.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:16</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:18</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Thank you for watching, and see you soon<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:18</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:20</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[for a new edition of 'got it !' -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:20</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:22</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the programme which gives you all the detail about new innovations.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:31</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:33</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Innovation has found its television.<br />]]></text>
</item>
</mySub>
