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<text><![CDATA[Orange-innovation.tv - in partnership with Cité des Télécoms, presents<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[got it!<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[a programme presented by Eric Hamonou<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[programme #08 Wireless electricity - the air is electric !<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Hello everyone, and thanks for joining us<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[for this new edition of 'got it !' -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[a programme brought to you by Orange-innovation.tv<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[- in partnership with Cité des Télécoms at Pleumeur-Bodou.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[This week, we're going to be talking about a technology that is almost magical<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[and which might one day liberate us, at last<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[from those ties which prevent us from being completely free -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[I'm talking about electrical wires.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[This technology is wireless electricity.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Wireless electricity <br> the air is electric !<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[No more extensions or plugboards,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[no need for batteries, nor to remember to recharge your mobile,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[- there's no doubt that electricity will soon no longer need wires<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[to reach our electrical appliances.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Soon, they will simply capture the electrical energy<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[just as a radio captures programmes,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[by using electromagnetic waves emitted by an antenna.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[And, it is doubtless after having heard that there was electricity in the air<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[that researchers and engineers got the idea of creating electrical appliances<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[capable of drawing energy directly from the air,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[in orfer to work<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Because believe it or not, such appliances do exist<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[and they're already on sale.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[For the moment, we're talking about low-consumption appliances -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[just a few watts per hour,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[such as the mobile phone, the keyboard of the computer,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[mouse and even the computer itself.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Very often, wireless electricity is used<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[in battery recharging systems - which are also said to be wireless.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[In that way, you can also recharge your mobile or computer.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[These new-type chargers are sometimes offered in the form of a tray<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[which is connected to a mains socket<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[and then all you have to do is place your telephone on it<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[so that the recharging can take place automatically.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Another solution - the electricity diffuser<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[you connect to a socket, and which, like a running tap<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[enables the electricity to flow from the electrical wire in the air<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[making it available to those electrical appliances that are capable of capturing it.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Yet the applications of this technology don't stop there.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[In 2007, a team from M.I.T. -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[the famous American research institute,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[managed to create a 60 watt lightbulb<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[capable of shining without being connected to any socket.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[A few years ago, a team of Canadian researchers<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[managed to construct a remote-controlled electrical aeroplane<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[- once again, capable of drawing its energy from the air.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[And, so to finish in Reunion,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[a French team had actually managed to supply a whole village<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[by sending its electricity through the air.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[And, if we are to believe the researchers, ultimately<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[there's no reason to think that all our electrical appliances<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[- and even our electric vehicles - could be supplied through systems like this.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Now that you know all that<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[I bet you'd like to know why it works -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[am I right ?<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Wireless electricity <br> the air is electric !<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Doubtless it's hard for your imagine that a lightbulb<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[is capable of drawing the 60 watts it needs from the air<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[so that it's little tungsten filament shines brightly enough<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[to light up your dining room ?<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[The idea that electrical energy can be sent through the air to the lightbulb<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[in wave form is rather unusual.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[It's true that we've got used to seeing waves<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[as an effective way of transporting information<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[such as radio and television programmes,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[conversations or internet sessions<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[but from there to imagining that electrical energy<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[could be transported in the same way, there's a world of difference.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[And yet - believe it, it's exactly the same thing.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Sending electricity through the air<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[is maybe even a little simpler than sending a message<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[- since we no longer have to worry about converting it into a sound<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[or an image in electrical signals before it is sent to the recipient<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[in wave form.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[To diffuse electricity in the air just we diffuse a radio programme,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[all you need do is connect an aerial to a source of current.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[The aerial then acts a bit like a tap that is connected to the distribution network,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[allowing the electrical wave to let its 'wires' flow through the air.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[All that remains is for the lightbulb  - or any other electrical appliance -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[to collect this energy for its operation.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[And there again, all that's required is an ad-hoc aerial<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[that is capable, like a funnel, of gathering in the electrical waves -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[which are circulating in the air - to the inside of the tungsten filament<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[so that the bulb lights up.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[And that is how the problem of wireless electricity is resolved.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Or almost, because this business of the tap being connected to the electrical network<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[to allow the electricity to flow into the ambient air<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[does, after all, pose a slight problem.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[By sending the waves haphazardly out like that<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[without knowing where the electrical appliance is<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[or even whether there is an electrical appliance in the vicinity, we are wasting a lot of energy for nothing.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[Most of it will never reach the system supplied<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[and will be reabsorbed by the objects located around it.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[And, given that people may be found among these objects,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[and that there is no question of subjecting people to radiation that is too powerful -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[the power it is possible to emit from aerials<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[is limited by the law -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[and so, we can't really hope to supply<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[any more than simple mp3 players using this technique -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[and certainly not a 60 watt lightbulb.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[So, how did the researchers at MIT go about<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[lighting this bulb whilst limiting loss,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[so that it doesn't cost too much<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[and so that, of course, it complies with legal thresholds.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[It's an industrial secret.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[What we can tell you, however, is that, to compensate for the obligation of emitting low energy,<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[they've perfected the lightbulb's reception system<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[by making it particularly sensitive to waves coming from the emitter.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[the least parcel of energy sent<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[is immediately stored by the lightbulb.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[This is what the researchers call resonance.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[It is neither more nor less than the exploitation of the physical phenomenon<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[which makes a crystal glass shatter<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[when certain musical notes are sung by a diva.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[The glass shatters when it has stores enough energy<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[to reach the limit of its internal cohesive force.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[And if it has stored this energy, it's because the frequency of the acoustic wave<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[- issuing, in this case, from the singer -<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[is exactly its resonance frequency.<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[All the systems have a resonance frequency<br />]]></text>
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<text><![CDATA[enabling them to store energy very efficiently.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:12</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:14</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[By being careful in choosing the frequency of the wave emitted<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:14</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:16</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and the parameters of the receiving aerial<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:16</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:18</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[it is therefore possible to succeed - as in the example of the glass -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:18</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:20</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[in causing it to store energy very efficiently<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:20</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:23</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and thus to compensate for the weakness of the frequency emitted.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:23</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:26</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Incidentally, by working at the resonance frequency of the aerial,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:26</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:29</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[we are also ensuring that very little energy will be absorbed by the objects<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:29</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:31</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[- or even by people who happen to be close to the aerial.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:31</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:33</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Indeed, it is very unlikely<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:33</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:36</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[that one of these objects has the same resonance frequency as the aerial.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:36</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:38</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[in this way, we are killing two birds with one stone -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:38</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:40</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[limiting losses and minimizing any effect<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:40</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:42</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[on people who are in the vicinity.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:42</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:45</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[In the end, the efficiency of the system now reaches 40%<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:45</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:47</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[-and even though the losses are still considerable,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:47</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:49</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[researchers estimate that it is already possible to envisage<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:49</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:51</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[concrete applications.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:51</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:55</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Let's sum up !<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:55</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:05:57</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[What is wireless electricity ?<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:05:57</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:00</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[It's a procedure which consists of sending the energy electrical appliances need<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:00</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:03</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[to work, in the form of electromagnetic waves.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:03</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:06</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[What's the difference between sending electrical energy via waves<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:06</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:08</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and sending radio or television programmes ?<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:08</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:10</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[It's exactly the same thing.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:10</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:12</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[In both cases the waves transport the energy.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:12</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:14</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[In the case of wireless electricity, this energy is fully used<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:14</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:16</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[to make the electrical appliance work.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:16</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:20</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[In the other case, the energy is used to encode a radio or TV message.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:20</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:22</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Are the waves emitted to transport electricity<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:22</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:24</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[more dangerous that the waves used in radio<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:24</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:26</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[and TV, or for mobile phones ?<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:26</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:29</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Once again, there really is no big difference<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:29</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:31</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[in principle between the transmission of information and electricity<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:31</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:33</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[via waves.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:33</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:35</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[In both cases, it is a matter of energy transmission.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:35</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:37</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[By the same token, the recommendations and standards which apply<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:37</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:39</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[to applications such as radio,<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:39</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:41</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[TV and mobile phones<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:41</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:43</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[are also valid for the wireless transport of electrical energy.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:43</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:48</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Wireless electricity <br> the air is electric !<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:48</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:50</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[That's all for today, we'll see you back here in 2 weeks' time<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:50</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:52</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[for a new edition of 'got it !' -<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:52</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:54</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[the programme which gives you all the detail about new innovations.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:06:54</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:06:56</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[see you very soon.<br />]]></text>
</item>
<item>
<tcIn>00:07:02</tcIn>
<tcOut>00:07:06</tcOut>
<text><![CDATA[Innovation has found its television.<br />]]></text>
</item>
</mySub>